A 2012 amendment to the Immigration Rules established a minimum income requirement of £18,600 per year for applicants outside of the European Economic Area to join their spouse or civil partner in the UK. In these appeals this amendment was challenged on the basis of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (right to privacy and family life) as well as the effect on children in the light of s. 55 of the Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009.

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